Top One Health Breakthroughs of 2025: A Comprehensive Year-End Review

Introduction: Why One Health Matters More Than Ever

The year 2025 will be remembered as a pivotal moment for the One Health movement—the recognition that human, animal, and environmental health are deeply interconnected threads in the fabric of global wellbeing. From revolutionary pet wellness innovations to groundbreaking cancer diagnostics and urgent climate-health analyses, breakthroughs this year underscored the critical importance of integrated solutions in our increasingly complex world.

One Health isn't just a catchy slogan or academic concept; it's become a framework for survival in the 21st century. As zoonotic diseases continue to emerge, climate change accelerates, and chronic illnesses reach epidemic proportions, the need to view health holistically has never been clearer or more urgent. This comprehensive year-end review highlights the most significant One Health breakthroughs of 2025, weaving together compelling stories of pets, people, and our planet.

What makes 2025 particularly remarkable is how these breakthroughs didn't happen in isolation. Instead, they formed an interconnected web of innovation that demonstrates the power of thinking beyond traditional silos. When veterinarians embrace AI diagnostics, they're not just helping pets—they're contributing to a broader understanding of disease patterns that benefit human medicine. When climate scientists quantify health impacts, they're providing the data needed to protect both wildlife and human communities.

The convergence of technology, policy, and scientific understanding in 2025 created unprecedented opportunities for integrated health solutions that benefit all living beings.

Table of Contents

1.          The National One Health Framework: A Policy Revolution

2.          Pet Wellness Breakthroughs: Technology Meets Compassion

3.          Human Health Innovations: AI and Early Detection

4.          Environmental Health Revelations: Climate Reality Check

5.          Antimicrobial Resistance: Global Coordination Efforts

6.          Technology Implementation Challenges and Solutions

7.          Economic Impact Analysis: The Cost of Integration

8.          Success Stories: Real-World Applications

9.          Looking Ahead: Predictions for 2026

10.      Conclusion: Shared Future, Shared Responsibility

The National One Health Framework: A Policy Revolution

Perhaps the most significant development of 2025 was the launch of the National One Health Framework to Address Zoonotic Diseases and Advance Public Health Preparedness in the United States (2025-2029) [1]. This landmark initiative, announced on January 13, 2025, represents the first-ever collaboration between major federal agencies—the CDC, USDA, and Department of the Interior—to prevent and respond to zoonotic diseases using a comprehensive One Health approach.

Seven Strategic Goals Reshaping Federal Coordination

The framework outlines seven ambitious strategic goals that will guide federal coordination for the next five years [2]:

1.          Enhanced Surveillance Systems: Strengthening disease detection across human, animal, and environmental sectors

2.          Improved Preparedness: Building robust response capabilities for future zoonotic threats

3.          Multisectoral Coordination: Breaking down silos between agencies and disciplines

4.          Research and Innovation: Accelerating scientific discovery through collaborative efforts

5.          Workforce Development: Training the next generation of One Health professionals

6.          International Collaboration: Strengthening global partnerships for disease prevention

7.          Community Engagement: Involving local stakeholders in prevention and response efforts

Real-World Impact: H5N1 Response

The framework's importance became immediately apparent with the ongoing H5N1 bird flu outbreak. Unlike previous responses that operated in departmental silos, the 2025 approach demonstrated seamless coordination between veterinary surveillance, wildlife monitoring, and human health tracking. This integrated response helped contain what could have been a much larger crisis.

💡 Key Insight: The framework's success depends on robust partnerships with state, local, tribal, and territorial agencies, demonstrating that effective One Health implementation requires coordination at every level of government.

Pet Wellness Breakthroughs: Technology Meets Compassion

1. Telehealth Revolution in Veterinary Care

By 2025, over 60% of veterinary practices offered telehealth services, fundamentally reshaping how we care for our animal companions [3]. This wasn't just about convenience—it represented a paradigm shift toward more accessible, stress-free veterinary care.

Key Impacts Include:

•             Stress Reduction: Virtual consultations eliminated the anxiety many pets experience during clinic visits, leading to more accurate behavioral assessments

•             Technology Integration: Smart collars, AI-powered symptom checkers, and remote diagnostic devices became mainstream tools in veterinary practice

•             Business Growth: Clinics reported a 40% increase in client retention and 35% growth in after-hours revenue

•             Rural Access: Telehealth bridged the gap for pet owners in underserved areas, providing access to specialist consultations previously unavailable

2. Mental Enrichment as a Wellness Priority

The recognition of pet mental health reached a tipping point in 2025, with structured enrichment activities becoming standard recommendations rather than luxury add-ons.

Breakthrough Developments:

•             Cognitive Stimulation: Puzzle toys, scent work, and interactive feeding systems became evidence-based interventions for behavioral health

•             Environmental Design: "Catios" (cat patios) and sensory gardens for dogs gained scientific backing for their mental health benefits

•             Generational Shift: Millennials and Gen Z pet owners drove demand for enrichment-focused care, viewing pets as family members deserving comprehensive wellness support

•             Practice Evolution: Veterinary clinics adapted by offering membership plans and preventive-care bundles that included behavioral wellness assessments

3. AI Diagnostics: The Future of Veterinary Medicine

Artificial intelligence transformed veterinary diagnostics in 2025, with tools now capable of analyzing pet behavior, mobility patterns, and even vocalizations to detect pain and illness [4].

Revolutionary Capabilities:

•             Predictive Analytics: AI systems flag early disease risks by analyzing patterns in activity, eating habits, and sleep cycles

•             Wearable Technology: Smart collars and harnesses alert veterinarians to abnormalities in real-time, enabling proactive interventions

•             Diagnostic Accuracy: AI-assisted diagnoses reached 85% accuracy compared to traditional in-clinic visits, particularly for chronic conditions

•             Pain Detection: Advanced algorithms can identify subtle signs of discomfort that might be missed during brief clinical examinations

🔍 Case Study: A golden retriever named Max became one of the first pets to benefit from AI-powered early arthritis detection. His smart collar detected subtle changes in gait patterns three months before clinical symptoms appeared, allowing for early intervention that significantly improved his quality of life.

Human Health Innovations: AI and Early Detection

1. Blood-Based Cancer Screening: A Diagnostic Revolution

One of 2025's most celebrated breakthroughs was the advancement of blood-based cancer screening tests that showed remarkable promise for early detection across multiple cancer types [5].

Transformative Impact:

•             Accessibility: Made early cancer diagnosis more affordable and widespread, particularly in underserved communities

•             Reduced Invasiveness: Decreased reliance on costly and sometimes risky procedures like PET scans and tissue biopsies

•             Early Detection: Enabled identification of cancers at stages when treatment is most effective

•             Paradigm Shift: Represented a fundamental move toward liquid biopsy diagnostics in oncology

2. AI Transformation in Cancer Care

Artificial intelligence revolutionized multiple aspects of cancer care throughout 2025 [6]:

Drug Discovery Acceleration:

•             AI algorithms reduced clinical trial timelines by identifying optimal patient populations

•             Machine learning models predicted drug interactions and side effects with unprecedented accuracy

•             Personalized treatment protocols became standard practice rather than experimental approaches

Advanced Imaging and Biomarker Identification:

•             AI-enhanced imaging improved tumor detection rates by 23% compared to traditional methods

•             Automated biomarker analysis reduced diagnostic time from weeks to hours

•             Pattern recognition identified previously unknown cancer subtypes, leading to more targeted therapies

Patient Management Revolution:

•             GPT-powered medical record abstraction reduced administrative costs by 40%

•             AI chatbots provided 24/7 patient support, improving treatment adherence

•             Predictive models identified patients at risk for treatment complications

3. Alzheimer's Prediction: Seven Years of Warning

Perhaps the most profound breakthrough was the development of AI tools capable of forecasting Alzheimer's disease up to seven years before symptoms appear [7].

Clinical Significance:

•             Intervention Window: Opens unprecedented opportunities for preventive treatments and lifestyle modifications

•             Integrated Approach: Links metabolic, cardiovascular, and cognitive health in comprehensive risk assessment

•             Multi-targeted Care: Enables a new era of personalized prevention strategies for neurodegenerative diseases

•             Family Planning: Allows individuals and families to make informed decisions about future care needs

4. Xenotransplantation Milestones: Bridging the Organ Gap

2025 marked significant progress in xenotransplantation, with doctors successfully extending lives using genetically modified pig organs, including kidneys and livers [8].

Breakthrough Achievements:

•             Organ Shortage Solution: Addressed the critical shortage of human organ donors, with over 100,000 Americans on waiting lists

•             Gene Editing Advances: CRISPR technology refined organ compatibility, reducing rejection rates

•             Extended Survival: Several patients survived over six months with pig kidney transplants

•             Regulatory Progress: FDA fast-tracked approval processes for xenotransplantation trials

⚠️ Ongoing Challenges: Despite progress, immune rejection remains a significant hurdle, and long-term safety data is still being collected.

Environmental Health Revelations: Climate Reality Check

1. The Lancet Countdown 2025: A Stark Warning

The Lancet Countdown 2025 report delivered sobering projections, estimating 14.5 million extra deaths by 2050 if climate inaction continues [9].

Economic and Health Projections:

•             Economic Impact: $12.5 trillion in projected losses from climate-related health impacts

•             Opportunity Cost: Strategic investments could save 6.5 million lives and mitigate losses by $5.8 trillion

•             Policy Milestone: The Belém Health Action Plan (BHAP) launched at COP30, endorsed by 30 countries

•             Sectoral Analysis: Healthcare systems face unprecedented strain from heat-related illnesses, vector-borne diseases, and extreme weather events

2. Planetary Boundaries: Earth's Red Lines Crossed

In 2025, scientists confirmed that seven of nine planetary boundaries had been breached, signaling that humanity has exceeded Earth's "safe operating space" [10].

Critical Boundaries Exceeded:

•             Ocean Acidification: Threatening marine ecosystems and food security

•             Biosphere Integrity: Species extinction rates far exceed natural background levels

•             Land System Change: Deforestation and urbanization disrupting natural cycles

•             Biogeochemical Flows: Nitrogen and phosphorus cycles severely disrupted

•             Climate Change: Global temperature rise accelerating beyond safe thresholds

Emerging Solutions:

•             Green Ammonia Production: Revolutionary technology reducing agricultural emissions

•             Enhanced Geothermal Energy: Expanding clean energy access in previously unsuitable regions

•             Nature-Based Solutions: Large-scale ecosystem restoration projects showing measurable impact

3. Extreme Weather: Adaptation and Resilience

2025 witnessed record-breaking extreme weather events that tested global adaptation strategies [11].

Impact Assessment:

•             Economic Losses: $145 billion in insured damages from extreme weather events

•             Human Cost: Heat-related deaths increased by 15% in vulnerable populations

•             Infrastructure Strain: Power grids, transportation systems, and healthcare facilities faced unprecedented stress

Adaptation Success Stories:

•             Early Warning Systems: Expanded to 60% of countries, representing a 113% increase over the past decade

•             Heat Action Plans: Cities implemented comprehensive cooling strategies, reducing heat-related mortality by 30%

•             Resilient Infrastructure: New building codes and urban planning approaches demonstrated effectiveness during extreme events

🌡️ Climate Reality: Small island states remain particularly vulnerable, with some communities already planning managed retreat from rising seas.

Antimicrobial Resistance: Global Coordination Efforts

WHO's Strategic Framework for 2025-2035

The World Health Organization launched a comprehensive strategic framework to address drug-resistant bacterial infections, marking a new phase in global AMR coordination [12].

Core Package of 13 Interventions:

1.          Surveillance Enhancement: Real-time monitoring of resistance patterns

2.          Diagnostic Stewardship: Rapid testing to guide appropriate antibiotic use

3.          Prescription Guidelines: Evidence-based protocols for healthcare providers

4.          Infection Prevention: Hospital and community-based control measures

5.          Vaccination Programs: Preventing infections that require antibiotic treatment

6.          Agricultural Oversight: Reducing unnecessary antibiotic use in livestock

7.          Wastewater Management: Preventing environmental contamination

8.          Research Incentives: Encouraging development of new antimicrobials

9.          International Cooperation: Sharing data and best practices globally

10.      Public Education: Raising awareness about appropriate antibiotic use

11.      Regulatory Harmonization: Standardizing approval processes for new drugs

12.      Supply Chain Security: Ensuring access to quality antimicrobials

13.      Economic Evaluation: Assessing cost-effectiveness of interventions

Local Success Stories: Chicago and New York City

Two major U.S. cities demonstrated innovative One Health approaches to tackling antimicrobial resistance [13]:

Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH):

•             Implemented integrated surveillance across human and veterinary healthcare systems

•             Developed community education programs targeting high-risk populations

•             Created partnerships with local farms to reduce agricultural antibiotic use

New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (NYC DOHMH):

•             Launched citywide antimicrobial stewardship programs

•             Established rapid diagnostic testing in emergency departments

•             Coordinated with regional veterinary colleges for cross-sector training

Technology Implementation Challenges and Solutions

Digital Divide in Healthcare Access

While technological breakthroughs dominated headlines, 2025 also highlighted significant implementation challenges that required innovative solutions.

Key Challenges Identified:

•             Rural Connectivity: Limited broadband access hindered telehealth adoption in underserved areas

•             Digital Literacy: Older adults and low-income populations struggled with new technologies

•             Cost Barriers: Advanced diagnostic tools remained expensive for smaller practices

•             Data Privacy: Concerns about AI algorithms and patient information security

•             Regulatory Lag: Approval processes struggled to keep pace with technological innovation

Innovative Solutions Emerging:

•             Mobile Health Units: Equipped with satellite internet and portable diagnostic equipment

•             Community Health Workers: Trained to assist with technology adoption and digital literacy

•             Subscription Models: Making advanced tools accessible through affordable monthly payments

•             Open-Source Platforms: Collaborative development reducing costs for smaller organizations

•             Regulatory Sandboxes: Fast-track approval processes for breakthrough technologies

Interoperability Breakthroughs

2025 saw significant progress in healthcare data interoperability, enabling seamless information sharing across human and veterinary medicine.

Technical Achievements:

•             FHIR Implementation: Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources became standard across 80% of health systems

•             Cross-Species Data Standards: New protocols for sharing information between human and veterinary databases

•             AI Translation Tools: Automated systems converting between different data formats

•             Blockchain Security: Ensuring data integrity while maintaining privacy

Economic Impact Analysis: The Cost of Integration

Investment Returns in One Health

Economic analysis of 2025's One Health investments revealed compelling returns on investment across multiple sectors [14].

Healthcare Sector Returns:

•             Preventive Care: Every $1 invested in preventive veterinary telehealth saved $4 in emergency treatment costs

•             Early Detection: Cancer screening programs showed $7 return for every $1 invested through reduced treatment costs

•             Chronic Disease Management: AI-assisted care coordination reduced healthcare spending by 12% for participating health systems

Environmental Investment Outcomes:

•             Climate Adaptation: Early warning systems generated $10 in avoided damages for every $1 invested

•             Ecosystem Restoration: Nature-based solutions provided $5 in ecosystem services for every $1 invested

•             Renewable Energy: Clean energy investments created 2.3 million jobs while reducing health costs

Agricultural Sector Benefits:

•             Antimicrobial Stewardship: Reduced antibiotic use in livestock saved $2.8 billion in resistance-related costs

•             Precision Agriculture: Technology adoption reduced environmental impact while maintaining productivity

•             Integrated Pest Management: Decreased pesticide use improved both environmental and human health outcomes

Cost-Benefit Analysis of Federal Framework

The National One Health Framework's economic impact assessment projected significant long-term savings [15]:

•             Initial Investment: $2.4 billion over five years for framework implementation

•             Projected Savings: $15.7 billion in avoided pandemic costs and health system improvements

•             Job Creation: Estimated 45,000 new positions in One Health-related fields

•             Innovation Catalyst: Expected to attract $8.2 billion in private sector investment

Success Stories: Real-World Applications

Case Study 1: Telehealth Across Species

The integration of telehealth services across human and veterinary medicine created unexpected synergies that benefited all stakeholders.

Multi-Species Benefits:

•             Pets: Virtual veterinary visits reduced stress and improved diagnostic accuracy for behavioral issues

•             Humans: Telehealth cancer screening expanded access to underserved rural communities

•             Environment: Reduced travel for medical appointments lowered carbon emissions by an estimated 2.3 million tons annually

•             Healthcare Systems: Shared technology platforms reduced costs and improved efficiency

Quantified Outcomes:

•             40% reduction in missed veterinary appointments

•             25% increase in early cancer detection rates in rural areas

•             $890 million in reduced transportation costs for patients

•             15% improvement in treatment adherence across both human and veterinary patients

Case Study 2: Climate and Chronic Disease Integration

The connection between climate change and chronic disease management became a focal point for integrated interventions.

Heat Wave Response Coordination:

•             Human Health: Emergency departments prepared for increased cardiovascular events during extreme heat

•             Animal Welfare: Veterinary clinics extended hours and provided cooling centers for pets

•             Environmental Monitoring: Real-time air quality and temperature data informed health advisories

•             Community Response: Coordinated cooling centers served both vulnerable humans and their pets

Measurable Impact:

•             30% reduction in heat-related emergency department visits

•             50% decrease in heat-related pet deaths in participating communities

•             $45 million in avoided healthcare costs during summer 2025

•             Improved community resilience and social cohesion

Case Study 3: Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network

A groundbreaking surveillance network connected human hospitals, veterinary clinics, and environmental monitoring stations to track antimicrobial resistance patterns.

Network Components:

•             Hospital Systems: Real-time reporting of resistant infections

•             Veterinary Clinics: Monitoring antibiotic use and resistance in companion animals

•             Agricultural Facilities: Tracking resistance patterns in livestock

•             Environmental Sensors: Detecting resistant bacteria in water systems

Results Achieved:

•             60% faster identification of emerging resistance patterns

•             35% reduction in inappropriate antibiotic prescribing

•             $120 million in avoided treatment costs from resistant infections

•             Enhanced preparedness for potential resistance outbreaks

Looking Ahead: Predictions for 2026

Emerging Technologies on the Horizon

Based on 2025's breakthroughs and ongoing research, several technologies are poised to transform One Health approaches in 2026:

Artificial Intelligence Evolution:

•             Predictive Modeling: AI systems will predict disease outbreaks across species with 90% accuracy

•             Personalized Medicine: Treatment protocols will be customized for individual patients and their pets simultaneously

•             Environmental Forecasting: Climate-health models will provide community-specific health advisories

Biotechnology Advances:

•             Gene Therapy: Treatments for genetic diseases will be available for both humans and animals

•             Synthetic Biology: Engineered organisms will help remediate environmental contamination

•             Precision Agriculture: Biotechnology will reduce the need for antimicrobials in food production

Digital Health Integration:

•             Unified Health Records: Seamless data sharing between human and veterinary healthcare systems

•             Wearable Technology: Continuous monitoring devices for both people and pets

•             Virtual Reality Training: Immersive education programs for One Health professionals

Policy and Regulatory Evolution

International Coordination:

•             Global Health Security: Enhanced international cooperation for pandemic preparedness

•             Climate Health Governance: New international frameworks linking climate and health policies

•             Trade Regulations: Harmonized standards for antimicrobial use in international commerce

Domestic Policy Changes:

•             Insurance Coverage: Expanded coverage for preventive One Health services

•             Professional Licensing: New credentials for One Health practitioners

•             Research Funding: Increased investment in interdisciplinary health research

Challenges and Opportunities

Anticipated Challenges:

•             Technology Equity: Ensuring equal access to advanced health technologies

•             Workforce Development: Training sufficient professionals for expanding One Health needs

•             Regulatory Adaptation: Keeping pace with rapid technological advancement

•             Public Acceptance: Building trust in AI-driven health recommendations

Emerging Opportunities:

•             Precision Prevention: Targeted interventions based on individual and community risk profiles

•             Ecosystem Health: Restoration projects that simultaneously benefit human, animal, and environmental health

•             Circular Economy: Health systems that minimize waste and environmental impact

•             Community Resilience: Local capacity building for health emergency response

Conclusion: Shared Future, Shared Responsibility

The breakthroughs of 2025 provide compelling evidence that One Health is not optional—it is essential for navigating the complex health challenges of the 21st century. From the National One Health Framework's policy revolution to AI-powered diagnostics transforming care across species, this year demonstrated the power of integrated thinking and collaborative action.

For our animal companions, telehealth and mental enrichment innovations improved quality of life while reducing stress and increasing access to care. The recognition that pet wellness directly impacts human wellbeing created new opportunities for integrated family health approaches.

For human health, artificial intelligence and early detection technologies transformed cancer care, Alzheimer's prediction, and chronic disease management. The integration of environmental factors into health assessments provided a more complete picture of disease risk and prevention opportunities.

For our planet, climate-health analyses demanded urgent action while providing roadmaps for effective intervention. The recognition that environmental degradation directly threatens human and animal health created new imperatives for sustainable development and ecosystem protection.

As the Smithsonian Magazine noted, 2025 was indeed a year of "science stories that will loom large for decades" [16]. The challenge now is to translate these remarkable breakthroughs into sustained action that benefits all living beings.

The economic analysis reveals that One Health investments generate substantial returns, not just in financial terms but in lives saved, suffering prevented, and ecosystems protected. The success stories from communities implementing integrated approaches demonstrate that these benefits are achievable when stakeholders work together across traditional boundaries.

Looking toward 2026 and beyond, the foundation laid in 2025 positions us for even greater advances. The convergence of artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and environmental science promises solutions to challenges that seemed intractable just a few years ago. However, realizing this potential requires continued commitment to collaboration, equity, and evidence-based decision-making.

One Health reminds us that our futures are shared—across species, ecosystems, and communities. The breakthroughs of 2025 show us what's possible when we embrace this interconnectedness and work together toward common goals.

The path forward requires sustained investment in research, education, and infrastructure. It demands policies that recognize the interconnections between human, animal, and environmental health. Most importantly, it requires a fundamental shift in how we think about health—not as separate domains but as integrated systems that must be protected and nurtured together.

As we move into 2026, the lessons of 2025 provide both inspiration and guidance. The breakthroughs we've witnessed are not endpoints but stepping stones toward a healthier, more sustainable future for all. The responsibility for building on these achievements belongs to all of us—researchers and practitioners, policymakers and citizens, pet owners and environmental stewards.

The One Health revolution is underway. The question is not whether we can create a healthier world for all living beings, but whether we will choose to do so. The breakthroughs of 2025 show us that the tools and knowledge exist. Now we must find the collective will to use them.

References

[1] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of the Interior. (2025, January 13). National One Health Framework to Address Zoonotic Diseases and Advance Public Health Preparedness in the United States (2025-2029). https://www.cdc.gov/one-health/php/about/federal-one-health-coordination-1.html

[2] National Association of County and City Health Officials. (2025, January). National One Health Framework to Address Zoonotic Diseases and Advance Public Health Preparedness in the U.S. NACCHO Blog. https://www.naccho.org/blog/articles/national-one-health-framework-2025-2029

[3] Today's Veterinary Business. (2025). 2025 Pet Care Trends: The Rise of Telehealth in Veterinary Medicine. https://www.todaysveterinarybusiness.com

[4] CanVet Academy. (2025). Telemedicine in Veterinary Care 2025: AI Diagnostics and Remote Monitoring. https://www.canvetacademy.com

[5] American Association for Cancer Research. (2025). Cancer Progress Report 2025: Blood-Based Screening Breakthroughs. https://www.aacr.org

[6] Binaytara Foundation. (2025). Oncology Year in Review 2025: AI Transformation in Cancer Care. https://www.binaytarafoundation.org

[7] MoneyControl. (2025, December). Year-Ender 2025: Alzheimer's, Diabetes, Heart Disease - AI Prediction Breakthroughs. https://www.moneycontrol.com

[8] Smithsonian Magazine. (2025, December). Top Science Stories of 2025: Xenotransplantation Milestones. https://www.smithsonianmag.com

[9] The Lancet. (2025). The 2025 Report of the Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change. https://www.thelancet.com

[10] Earth.Org. (2025, December). Year in Review: Climate Headlines 2025 - Planetary Boundaries Breached. https://www.earth.org

[11] World Economic Forum. (2025, December). Top Nature and Climate Stories of 2025: Extreme Weather and Adaptation. https://www.weforum.org

[12] World Health Organization. (2025, January). WHO Strategic and Operational Priorities to Address Drug-Resistant Bacterial Infections, 2025-2035. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/amr-resource-pack-2025

[13] National Association of County and City Health Officials. (2025). Local Health Department's One Health Surveillance Approaches to Antimicrobial Resistance. https://www.naccho.org

[14] World Economic Forum. (2025). Top Global Health Stories of 2025: Economic Impact of One Health Investments. https://www.weforum.org

[15] U.S. Government Accountability Office. (2025). Economic Analysis of the National One Health Framework Implementation. https://www.gao.gov

[16] Smithsonian Magazine. (2025, December). Top Science Stories of 2025: Breakthroughs That Will Shape the Future. https://www.smithsonianmag.com